Sensory food aversions

If your child is a picky eater, you are not alone. According to several national studies, 24 percent of parents are concerned that their child is a picky eater. Doctors and researchers have found that many picky eaters have sensory food aversions (SFA) that cause them to eat only certain types of food. SFA is the most common feeding disorder seen in the Feeding Disorders Program at Children’s National Medical Center.

SENSORY FOOD AVERSIONS
Children with SFA consistently refuse to eat certain foods because of taste, texture, smell, and/or appearance. This is different from children who refuse to eat a particular food one day, but eat it the next.
Food aversions are common and vary in severity – some children refuse only a few specific foods and others refuse entire food groups, such as vegetables, fruits or meats.
While SFA can affect people of all ages, it becomes evident when young children are introduced to baby and table food.

SUPER TASTERS
The sensitivity to taste, texture or the smell of foods runs in families. Just as peoples’ vision can vary, so can the ability to taste. Studies have found that in general, people fall into three groups: non-tasters, tasters and super tasters. Super tasters have the largest number of taste buds on their tongues; therefore, foods have a much stronger taste, making many foods unappealing for them and often causing SFA.

SIGNS OF SFA
Children with SFA have reactions to certain foods that can be as mild as grimacing or as severe as gagging, spitting out the food or even vomiting. After experiencing the initial reaction, children with SFA usually refuse to continue eating that particular food and can become very distressed if forced to do so.
In fact, after a bad experience, some children tend to generalize and refuse foods that look and/or smell like the aversive food. For example, children with an aversion to peas may generalize the dislike to include all green vegetables.
Many children with SFA also are reluctant to try new foods for fear of having another episode, such as gagging or vomiting. Instead, they may eat a limited number of foods that they know are safe and will not cause a reaction.
Some children are so sensitive that they will refuse to eat any foods that touch other foods on their plates, while others eat only foods of specific brand names or from a specific restaurant. For example, some children with SFA will eat only chicken nuggets if they come from a specific fast-food chain.

EFFECTS OF SFA
If a child with SFA refuses to eat foods from an entire food group, such as vegetables or meats, his or her diet may lack vitamins, minerals and/or proteins that are important for a child’s health. In addition, if children reject foods that require significant chewing, such as meats or hard vegetables, they may fall behind in oral motor development because of the lack of experience with chewing. Delayed motor development can lead to difficulty with articulation.
There also may be long-lasting implications of SFA. It can cause older children to avoid social situations, such as birthday parties, sleepovers or summer camp, that require them to eat in front of others because they are embarrassed they aren’t able to eat the same foods as their peers.

TIPS FOR PARENTS
• If your child has gagged or vomited while eating a certain food:
o Do not offer that food again.
o Continue eating the food and other foods your child may not like so that he or she can see you eating and enjoying these foods. Young children want to do what their parents are doing. However, you should not try to coax your child into eating these foods. The harder you try, the harder he or she will resist.
o Give your child foods he or she can tolerate, while still incorporating all food groups.
• If your child grimaces after eating a certain food, offer your child the food later, but do not force the issue or your child will likely become anxious.
• Children with SFA will eat foods they prefer. If your child resists eating broccoli, offer another green vegetable, such as green beans.

Remember, these tips are for children who consistently refuse to eat certain foods. Children with SFA appear anxious or fearful of the foods they dislike. This is different from children who refuse to eat a particular food one day but eat it the next day as a way to exercise control over a parent.

WHEN TO ASK FOR HELP
Parents should consult their paediatrician if their child refuses to eat foods from an entire food group, such as fruits or vegetables, or if the child refuses to eat such a large number of different types of food that parents are worried he or she is not receiving enough nutrients.

Source: www.littlecooksclub.co.za